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Secure confirmation that a gravitational wave (GW) has been gravitationally lensed would bring together these two pillars of General Relativity for the first time. This breakthrough is challenging for many reasons, including: GW sky localization uncertainties dwarf the angular scale of gravitational lensing, the mass and structure of gravitational lenses is diverse, the mass function of stellar remnant compact objects is not yet well constrained, and GW detectors do not operate continuously. We introduce a new approach that is agnostic to the mass and structure of the lenses, compare the efficiency of different methods for lensed GW discovery, and explore detection of lensed kilonova counterparts as a direct method for localizing candidates. Our main conclusions are: (1) lensed neutron star mergers (NS–NS) are magnified into the ‘mass gap’ between NS and black holes, therefore selecting candidates from public GW alerts with high mass gap probability is efficient, (2) the rate of detectable lensed NS–NS will approach one per year in the mid-2020s, (3) the arrival time difference between lensed NS–NS images is $1\, \rm s\lesssim \Delta \mathit{ t}\lesssim 1\, yr$, and thus well-matched to the operations of GW detectors and optical telescopes, (4) lensed kilonova counterparts are faint at peak (e.g. rAB ≃ 24–26 in the mid-2020s), fade quickly ($d\lt 2\, \rm d$), and are detectable with target of opportunity observations with large wide-field telescopes. For example, just ≲ 0.25 per cent of Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s observing time will be sufficient to follow up one well-localized candidate per year. Our predictions also provide a physically well-defined basis for exploring electromagnetically the exciting new ‘mass gap’ discovery space.

 

Abstract This study evaluates the ability of state-of-the-art subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecasting systems to represent and predict the teleconnections of the Madden Julian Oscillations and their effects on weather in terms of midlatitude weather patterns and North Atlantic tropical cyclones. This evaluation of forecast systems applies novel diagnostics developed to track teleconnections along their preferred pathways in the troposphere and stratosphere, and to measure the global and regional responses induced by teleconnections across both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Results of this study will help the modeling community understand to what extent the potential to predict the weather on S2S time scales is achieved by the current generation of forecasting systems, while informing where to focus further development efforts. The findings of this study will also provide impact modelers and decision makers with a better understanding of the potential of S2S predictions related to MJO teleconnections. 

The 18‐membered macrocycle H₂macropa was investigated for²²⁵Ac chelation in targeted alpha therapy (TAT). Radiolabeling studies showed that macropa, at submicromolar concentration, complexed all²²⁵Ac (26 kBq) in 5 min at RT. [²²⁵Ac(macropa)]⁺remained intact over 7 to 8 days when challenged with either excess La³⁺ions or human serum, and did not accumulate in any organ after 5 h in healthy mice. A bifunctional analogue, macropa‐NCS, was conjugated to trastuzumab as well as to the prostate‐specific membrane antigen‐targeting compound RPS‐070. Both constructs rapidly radiolabeled²²⁵Ac in just minutes at RT, and macropa‐Tmab retained >99 % of its²²⁵Ac in human serum after 7 days. In LNCaP xenograft mice,²²⁵Ac‐macropa‐RPS‐070 was selectively targeted to tumors and did not release free²²⁵Ac over 96 h. These findings establish macropa to be a highly promising ligand for²²⁵Ac chelation that will facilitate the clinical development of²²⁵Ac TAT for the treatment of soft‐tissue metastases.

 

The 18‐membered macrocycle H₂macropa was investigated for²²⁵Ac chelation in targeted alpha therapy (TAT). Radiolabeling studies showed that macropa, at submicromolar concentration, complexed all²²⁵Ac (26 kBq) in 5 min at RT. [²²⁵Ac(macropa)]⁺remained intact over 7 to 8 days when challenged with either excess La³⁺ions or human serum, and did not accumulate in any organ after 5 h in healthy mice. A bifunctional analogue, macropa‐NCS, was conjugated to trastuzumab as well as to the prostate‐specific membrane antigen‐targeting compound RPS‐070. Both constructs rapidly radiolabeled²²⁵Ac in just minutes at RT, and macropa‐Tmab retained >99 % of its²²⁵Ac in human serum after 7 days. In LNCaP xenograft mice,²²⁵Ac‐macropa‐RPS‐070 was selectively targeted to tumors and did not release free²²⁵Ac over 96 h. These findings establish macropa to be a highly promising ligand for²²⁵Ac chelation that will facilitate the clinical development of²²⁵Ac TAT for the treatment of soft‐tissue metastases.